[Article] Understanding what causes population decline (Full Version)

This diagram demonstrates the fundamental cause of population decline in a developed, low-mortality country; namely a critical reduction in fertility rates (children per woman).

This more complete version of the diagram uses age demographics to show how populations below replacement birth rates can go on growing for some time before finally declining.
For a simplified version of the diagram, see here: https://my.machinations.io/d/article-understanding-what-causes-population-decline-simplified/20b991fbf8ea11efabac028ecffc1261

Read more about the diagram here: https://machinations.io/articles/system-dynamics-explained-understanding-the-delayed-effects-of-birth-rate-changes